The figure isocolon functions by operating on our cognitive affinity for parallelism, itself overlapping with rhythm and similarity. We're disposed to accept premises offered in parallel structure, and isocolon is one such structure (scheme) of language that takes advantage of that disposition.

Well, it's actually for homoioteleuton. (ho moi o te LEU ton) 

I'm thinking of using gradatio to construct my own version of the Evolution of Man for my American friends, only the final sapiens will be an entire country of people holding semi-automatic rifles to use in self-defence against each other; but I don't think I'll have resolved an antithesis, only moved from one primal creature to another. (Yeah, yeah, I know: reductio ad absurdium depending on the figure of hyperbole. . . I know.)

F is for fictio. A warm and cozy, soft hearted rhetorical figure.

O beware, my lord, of jealousy!
It is the green-ey'd monster which doth mock
The meat it feeds on.

E should be for Endless Possibilities, for there are so many options we could consider.

Oh so simple, yet open to a world of possibility. Diaphora. (di A pho ra)

Fun fact: the name chiasmus derives from the Greek letter chi, which looks like X. The shape of the letter iconically represents the criss-crossing of the ideas the scheme captures.

I guarantee you've used this one: "You're a real genius!" There's nothing unusual about this sentence, except I'd warrant in most instances it's used the sense is more accurately "you're a real idiot." The irony of the entire clause depends on the one word, "genius." You might call your short friend "Stretch" or your fat friend "Slim." 

A is for antimetabole. Read it slowly: an ti me TA bo le. 

In Greek it literally means "turning about," which is apt, because it's a figure in which the order of words is quite literally turned about in successive clauses. Some examples will help more than clumsy definition.